Volcanic eruptions can have severe global impacts, but accurately measuring the size of such eruptions can be challenging. To classify the size of volcanic eruptions, volcanologists estimate the magma volume and deposition volume. However, it is often difficult to determine these values accurately, making it challenging to infer the actual volume of magma and measure
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The production of medication requires the isolation of active pharmaceutical ingredients from suspensions and drying them. This process relies on a human operator to monitor the industrial dryer, agitate the material, and observe the compound’s properties to ensure it is suitable for compression into medicine. However, this process is subjective and depends heavily on the
Astronomers have detected the chemical imprints of the first stars to exist in the universe, which exploded billions of years ago. The remains of these stars are difficult to find as they exploded too far away to detect with current instruments. However, the material they left behind during their explosions, such as carbon, oxygen and
Factorizing large numbers is a difficult task that requires a significant amount of computational effort. However, physicists at the University of Innsbruck, Austria, have created a new blueprint for a quantum computer that can solve the factorization problem. This is a significant development as factorization is a cornerstone of modern cryptography. Current Computing Methods Today’s
In the field of physics, it is common to encounter different scales that can be separately described. For instance, the movement of an elephant walking in a zoo does not affect the Earth’s orbit around the sun. Similarly, the behavior of particles in materials research can be described on different scales. However, finding out which
Proteins play a vital role in carrying out various biological functions through interactions, such as the formation of protein complexes. The localization and microenvironments within cells are crucial for maintaining the structure and function of these complexes. Chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry (CXMS) is a technique used for analyzing protein complexes in living cells. However, it
Researchers have developed an algorithm that can locate any point on Earth using signals from multi-constellation Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. The algorithm can exploit signals broadcast by Starlink, OneWeb, Orbcomm, and Iridium satellites, without assistance from the satellite operators. The Study Led by Zak Kassas, a professor of electrical and computer engineering at The
Experts at the University of Oxford and international collaborators have released a new study in Nature Machine Intelligence that addresses the ethical concerns related to the responsibility for outputs generated by large language models (LLMs). LLMs such as ChatGPT pose critical issues regarding the attribution of credit and rights for useful text generation, which differs
The Bipartisan Infrastructure Law has recently identified the need to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) and transport it for permanent storage or conversion into valued end uses to move toward reaching net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. A team of researchers from Northwestern University has collaborated with other international researchers to create acetic acid out of
