The Rise in Pregabalin-Related Deaths

The increase in deaths linked to the commonly prescribed anxiety drug, pregabalin, is a cause for concern. The number of deaths connected to pregabalin in England and Wales more than doubled from 187 in 2018 to 441 in 2022. Recent press reports have drawn a comparison to a “US-style opioid epidemic,” but this may be an exaggeration, considering the vastly higher death toll from opioids in America.

Pregabalin, known by the brand names Lyrica and Alzain, is utilized to treat various health conditions such as epilepsy, nerve pain, and anxiety. Approved for use in Europe and the US in 2004, pregabalin has properties that can induce sensations of euphoria, calmness, and relaxation, contributing to its attractiveness to individuals without prescriptions.

While pregabalin itself is not inherently dangerous, it can lead to side effects like confusion and headaches. Long-term use of pregabalin may also result in dependence. However, the real danger arises when pregabalin is combined with other substances, including opioids, certain sleep aids, benzodiazepines, muscle relaxants, and specific diabetes and epilepsy drugs.

The majority of fatalities attributed to pregabalin involve interactions with other drugs, with over 90 percent of individuals testing positive for opioids that were not prescribed to them. This indicates that many people were obtaining these drugs through illicit means. The data also indicates a lack of clarity on whether pregabalin was prescribed or obtained without authorization.

The surge in pregabalin-related deaths coincides with a rise in prescriptions for the drug. The increase in prescriptions from 5.5 million in 2016 to 8.4 million in 2022 suggests the need for more support to mitigate patient risks, especially concerning the concurrent use of other medications. Education on the potential risks associated with pregabalin and its interactions with other drugs is crucial for both prescribers and patients.

Certain populations, such as individuals with a history of substance use disorder, are at greater risk of harm from pregabalin due to co-occurring mental health conditions. The lack of communication between mental health and drug treatment services poses a challenge, potentially leading to harmful drug interactions. Illicit use of pregabalin also poses a growing problem, particularly among people in deprived areas.

Understanding the underlying reasons for pregabalin-related deaths is essential in devising effective strategies for harm reduction. Ceasing pregabalin prescriptions entirely is not a viable solution, as the drug is considered beneficial for many individuals. Placing stricter regulations on illicit pregabalin may not be practical and could result in unintended consequences.

Comprehensive efforts are needed to address the rise in pregabalin-related deaths. Enhancing awareness of the risks associated with pregabalin use, particularly in combination with other substances, is paramount. By identifying and addressing the root causes of these fatalities, steps can be taken to reduce harm and enhance patient safety.