The Overlooked Type: Understanding Type 1.5 Diabetes

Diabetes is a well-known condition that affects millions of people worldwide. While type 1 and type 2 diabetes are more commonly discussed, there is a lesser-known type called type 1.5 diabetes, also known as latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). This condition shares characteristics of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, making it unique and often misdiagnosed.

Type 1.5 diabetes occurs when the immune system attacks the pancreas cells that produce insulin. Unlike type 1 diabetes, people with type 1.5 do not always require immediate insulin therapy, as the condition progresses more slowly. Most individuals with type 1.5 diabetes will eventually need insulin within five years of diagnosis, compared to those with type 1 diabetes who require it from the start. It is typically diagnosed in individuals over 30, falling between the typical ages for type 1 and type 2 diabetes diagnoses.

The symptoms of type 1.5 diabetes can vary widely, from increased thirst and frequent urination to fatigue and unintentional weight loss. Initially, type 1.5 diabetes is often managed with oral medications to regulate blood glucose levels. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is essential, and if levels remain high despite medication, insulin therapy may be required. However, there are no standardized treatment guidelines for type 1.5 diabetes, making management challenging.

Type 1.5 diabetes is frequently misdiagnosed as type 2 diabetes, with estimates suggesting this occurs in 5-10% of cases. Special antibody tests are necessary to accurately diagnose type 1.5 diabetes, but they are not always ordered by healthcare professionals. Additionally, the similarities in symptoms between type 1.5 and type 2 diabetes can lead to confusion in diagnosis. There is also limited research on the prevalence of type 1.5 diabetes in non-European populations, hindering our understanding of this condition.

Type 1.5 diabetes is a complex and often overlooked form of diabetes that presents unique challenges in diagnosis and management. Misdiagnosis can have serious consequences, leading to delays in appropriate treatment and potential health complications. Increased awareness and research are needed to improve our understanding of type 1.5 diabetes and ensure individuals receive the correct diagnosis and care. If you suspect you may have symptoms of diabetes, consult with your healthcare provider for evaluation and guidance.