New Insights into the Mechanism of Lupus Development in Children

Researchers have recently made a groundbreaking discovery regarding the development of lupus in children. By identifying a single genetic mutation in the UNC93B1 gene, they have shed light on a new mechanism that triggers this autoimmune disease. Lupus is a lifelong condition characterized by chronic inflammation caused by the immune system attacking healthy tissues. With approximately 5 million people affected worldwide, primarily women of childbearing age, early diagnosis and effective treatment options are crucial.

Led by the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology in Germany, the research team found that the BORC complex, a group of proteins, plays a vital role in breaking down the toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) protein. TLR7 serves as part of the innate defense system, identifying genetic material from viruses and bacteria. Maintaining a balance of these receptors is essential for a prompt immune response. However, when the BORC complex malfunctions, TLR7 can accumulate in immune cells, resulting in reduced sensitivity to activation by intruder genetic material and an increased likelihood of attacking the body’s tissues. This imbalance leads to an immune response against self, triggering the onset of lupus.

The researchers also discovered the importance of the Unc93B1 protein, encoded by the UNC93B1 gene, in breaking down TLR7 properly. While a mutation in the gene responsible for producing the TLR7 protein was previously identified as a cause of lupus, the role of BORC and Unc93B1 remained unknown in human cases. However, a breakthrough occurred when a researcher in Munich identified a UNC93B1 gene mutation in a young lupus patient. Through collaborative efforts, the study team confirmed that this mutation was indeed the cause of the patient’s lupus. Even a single copy of the UNC93B1 gene mutation can affect TLR7 and contribute to lupus development.

Intriguingly, the BORC complex, essential for breaking down TLR7, has also been found to play a role in maintaining the health of nerve cells. When the function of BORC was weakened in mice, it resulted in damaged nerve cells and difficulties with movement. This connection suggests that if BORC malfunctions in humans, neurodegenerative disorders may arise. These disorders often coexist with autoinflammatory or autoimmune diseases, sharing genetic variants and pathways. This correlation may explain why BORC mutations have not been previously linked to autoimmune diseases in genetic studies. Further research is needed to fully comprehend these complex processes.

The researchers’ findings present exciting possibilities for targeted and effective treatment options through TLR7-targeted precision medicine. By focusing on this newly discovered mechanism and preventing excessive TLR7 signaling, it may be possible to reduce inflammation and mitigate the impact of lupus on patients’ lives. Early diagnosis through testing for mutations in the UNC93B1 gene could allow for timely interventions and personalized treatment plans. While more research is necessary to fully grasp the mechanisms at play, this groundbreaking study paves the way for improved understanding and management of lupus.

The identification of a single genetic mutation in the UNC93B1 gene and its impact on lupus development in children marks a significant advancement in our understanding of this lifelong autoimmune disease. By unraveling the role of the BORC complex and TLR7 protein, researchers have shed light on a new mechanism that triggers lupus. Furthermore, the connection to neurodegenerative disorders and the potential for precision medicine opens new doors for tailored treatment options. Continued research in this field is crucial to broaden our knowledge and provide better care for individuals living with lupus.